Review of Why Did Jesus, Moses, the Buddha, and Mohammed Cross the Road? by Brian D. McLaren

Is it possible for a committed Christian to interact with people from other faiths without wanting to convert them or feeling superior to them? Can a Christian respect other people’s beliefs without feeling like she’s compromising her own?

One of my friends from Bible study always says, “If I grew up in India, I’d be a Hindu.” The first few times I heard that, I was scandalized. But after a while, I realized she was right. I’m Christian because I grew up in the United States surrounded by people with faith in Jesus Christ. But to someone who was raised differently, the story of Jesus must sound as foreign as stories of Hindu gods sound to me.

Why Did Jesus, Moses, the Buddha, and Mohammed Cross the Road? sounds like the beginning of a joke, but it’s a dead-serious book. Subtitled Christian Identity in a Multi-Faith World, in it McLaren encourages Christians not to treat others with hostility but with empathy and humility, solidarity and collaboration–all without diluting their own Christian identity. I read this book with my Bible study group a couple of years ago.

The book is divided into four parts. Part I is “The Crisis of Christian Identity,” in which McLaren states a problem, that is, committed Christians having hostility toward people of other faiths (I am oversimplifying here). Part II is “The Doctrinal Challenge,” in which we see how common misinterpretations of our doctrines cause us to be hostile. (We, and the church as a whole, need to study our doctrines in the light of Christ and see where we are using them to fuel hostility instead of love. McLaren focuses on the doctrines of creation, original sin, election, the Trinity, and the Holy Spirit.) Part III is “The Liturgical Challenge,” in which McLaren suggests ways to rethink how we practice our Christianity in connection with the liturgical year, baptism, our hymns, prayers, sermons, and Sunday school classes, reading the Bible, and communion. Part IV is “The Missional Challenge,” in which McLaren discusses how friendship and positive interactions with people of different faiths can benefit (and change) the world.

I am only beginning to understand what damage has been wrought to the entire world in the name of Christianity. As McLaren explains, after the ascension of Christ, His followers were actively persecuted, until the emperor Constantine converted to Christianity in 312 AD and made it the official religion of the Roman Empire. Suddenly, Christians had power. And joined to the Empire, they conquered under a flag emblazoned with the cross of Christ. Land was appropriated. People were forcibly converted to Christianity. New lands were discovered, and the cycle continued. Indigenous peoples were converted or displaced or murdered or enslaved, their lands confiscated, their cultures destroyed. All in the name of Christ.

In Chapter 11, McLaren tells the story of the foundation of Islam 300 years after Constantine. I’d never heard this story before. There is a problem when Christians get all their information about other faiths from Christian sources. Let’s just say, we don’t get all the nuances. Wouldn’t it be more valuable to make friends with people of different faiths and ask them about their religions, with a spirit of curiosity rather than of being ready to jump in and correct their wrong doctrines?

I think God is so much larger than we can conceive, and Christians don’t know everything about Him. We can learn a lot about God from hearing other people’s perceptions. If there is only one God, is it possible that as He revealed Himself, people saw Him through the lens of their own cultures and focused on different facets of His glory?

There is a lot to ponder in this book. I’ll treat you to a tiny fragment of Chapter 15, about the Trinity: “. . . the three persons of the Holy Trinity are not merely one with each other: they are one in each other. We might say they are interpersons, or interpersonalities. And as creatures made in the image of God, so are we.” McLaren goes on to explore the implications of such relationship. What kind of universe would this God create? One of individuals, focused on themselves? Or one of communities, where there is unity of purpose? (Again, I am over-simplifying.)

One thing I’d never considered before was that John the Baptist, son of a priest, should also have become a priest. Instead, McLaren points out, John removed himself from Jerusalem and the temple and went out into the desert, and by all accounts, lived a wilderness life. Then, just before Jesus starts His public ministry, John shows up by the Jordan River and starts baptizing people.

Now, there already was a baptizing custom in Judaism. It had to do with washing away contamination, separating themselves from gentiles. But John’s baptism was one of repentance, and he told his followers that there was another coming who would baptize with fire and the Holy Spirit. He was preparing the way for Jesus. He recognized that the old system was about to change.

It’s been drummed into most Christians that the Bible is the inerrant Word of God. Everything in it is real and true as written, all facts, all events. In the Old Testament, God is often portrayed as a violent, vengeful, and punishing force. Yet Jesus told us, “If you have seen me, you have seen the Father.” (See John 14:9.) When was Jesus ever violent? The only times he ever expressed anger was that time in the temple when he turned over the tables of the moneychangers, and when he called the Pharisees “whitewashed tombs,” and when he said to Peter, “Get thee behind me, Satan!” He never punished anyone, caused an army to drown in the Red Sea or turned anyone into a pillar of salt. Anything that you read about God that isn’t like Jesus is just not true. The apostle John, Jesus’ best friend, insists that “God is love.”

We’re taught not to “pick and choose” our scriptures according to what we like or don’t like. But McLaren (on pages 200–201) points out that St. Paul in his epistles quoted positive portions of the Jewish scriptures while leaving out the violent portions. He also shows how Jesus himself in Luke 4:18–19 quotes Isaiah 61:1–2, leaving out the part about “the day of vengeance of our God.” Hmmm.

In talking about building friendships with people of other faiths, McLaren says, “my identity as a follower of Christ requires me first to move toward the other in friendship, and then to move with the other in service to those in need.” In other words, people of other faiths and of no faith are our partners in mission. We have common goals. Also, we know how to have affection for our friends. In doing so, we are sharing Christ’s love. That’s good news.

Some of the ideas in this book will seem controversial to the most conservative of Christians. But if you recognize that you may harbor less-than-benevolent feelings toward non-Christians, maybe you need to read this book.

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Jobs I’ve Had

My first real job, other than babysitting, was waiting on customers in a bakery. I started during my junior year in high school and continued there until I left home for college at Duquesne University. While at Duquesne, I pumped gas at a car wash (the Auto Spa) and I was an Avon lady in my dorm. While I was back home during the summer, I got a job at a dry cleaning store, because I wanted a job that I applied for by myself, rather than going back to the bakery, a job that my father got for me.

I stayed at Duquesne for three semesters, then transferred to Monmouth College (now Monmouth University) and moved back into my parent’s home. I went back to work at the dry cleaning store, then got laid off. I went to Monmouth Shopping Center (which soon became Monmouth Mall) and got myself a job at Kresge’s, a five and dime store. I often worked in the snack bar, which was very stressful, because a large part of that responsibility was making “super subs,” which we sold bazillions of during the lunch rush. There were a lot of construction workers working on the transition from shopping center to enclosed mall, and our super subs were the most economical lunch around. All of us who worked at the snack bar had recurring nightmares about running out of super subs during the lunch rush.

After that summer, I transferred again, this time to Glassboro State College (now Rowan University). This time I snagged an on-campus job in the music department library. Now, that was a job I loved. The library had sheet music and books that students could borrow, and a listening room where students could listen to music (on vinyl records) that their professors wanted them to become familiar with. I would check out music and books for students, and set them up with their records in the listening room. Also, the library was transitioning from the Dewey Decimal System to the Library of Congress System of organization, so I would assist the librarian by looking through catalogs to find the appropriate location code for each piece of music. As a result, I learned a lot about classical repertoire by osmosis. One day a flautist came into the library saying she was bored with all the music she was working on and wanted something new and different. I suggested some pieces by a composer whose work she’d never played before, and she was really excited to try it.

During winter break my senior year, Greg and I got married. When my last semester started, I lived in my off-campus apartment that I’d shared with two roommates during the week, and went home on the weekend, for four weeks, until I gave my senior recital. After that, my schedule was lighter, I gave up my spot in the apartment, and commuted to school only the two days I had classes, a three-hour commute each way. (I had taken a number of classes during the previous summer in an attempt to graduate early, but I didn’t think I had taken enough. It turned out I had plenty of credits, but my advisor couldn’t tell me how much of my Duquesne and Monmouth credits had transferred over. It turned out they all did. Doh!)

Once I was living full-time with my husband, I found a job at The Fabric Tree. I wish I could say that was a profitable job, but I often spent most of my paycheck on fabric, patterns, and sewing notions. The Fabric Tree offered me the manager’s position, but I turned it down. After graduation, I started applying to school districts, and by the end of the summer I signed a contract with Perth Amboy Public Schools to teach elementary general music. I resigned part-way into my fifth year as Greg and I started our family. Our plan was to have two kids, and when the second one was in first grade, I’d return to teaching. Except that we ended up having five kids. Oops.

I tried working part-time evenings at Jamesway, but Greg was not happy taking care of a baby all by himself. For a while, I was a representative for Creative Circle, teaching needlecrafts and selling needlecraft kits. Sometimes I took the baby with me; sometimes not. Greg was unhappy if he had baby duty.

Greg was a teacher, and during the summer he worked for the district painting classes for $7 an hour. (This was in the 1980s.) I discovered I could work temp jobs for $10 an hour, so I told him to stay home with the kids (they were older then) and I would work. I maintained physician files for Humana for two summers. It felt great to be earning money, but it felt even better to be home again when Greg’s school started back up.

One thing I really wanted to do was write. When my youngest child went to first grade, instead of going back to teaching, I decided to be a freelance writer. During the 1990s I had a bunch of articles published in Raising Arizona Kids magazine and Christian Library Journal, among other publications, but not enough to make a significant contribution to our family’s finances. We went to a credit counselor, who figured out that our monthly expenses were about $600 more than what Greg earned as a teacher. Greg said he’d get a second job, but that wasn’t fair. Teaching is a very demanding job. You come home from work exhausted. Besides, our kids needed some Daddy time. So Greg asked me if I could find a job that paid $600 a month.

At the time, we belonged to a small church of about 100 people. At every Sunday service, we were asked if anyone needed prayer. I shared that I needed a job. After the service, one of my friends told me they needed help at her office and told me how to apply. And that’s how I got my job at the Bureau of Land Management. I was hired as a file clerk, and I eventually became a procurement assistant. I loved that job. I worked with some of the smartest and kindest people I’d ever met. I didn’t realize the high caliber of federal employees. My coworkers cared so much about the people and animals and land that they served. I worked there for five years, the longest I’d ever worked at the same job up until that time.

And then I got the writing bug again. I’d been working on a book, and I thought if I had more time, I’d finish the book and get it published. I treated myself to a writer’s conference in Maui (actually, Greg paid for the conference, I paid for the flight and hotel and car rental) and I met a couple of agents who showed interest in the book.

So I resigned from the BLM. I “finished” the book. Both agents passed on it. The book really needed a lot more work, but the money I’d saved up as a cushion ran out, and I needed to find work again.

This is where my memory gets hazy as to sequence. I took a job as a directory assistance agent (people would call asking for phone numbers, in the days before everyone had cellphones, when landlines ruled and people had phone directories from the phone company, but only for their area), but I can’t remember if that was before working for the BLM or after. (Probably before.) I resigned from that job because they wanted me to handle calls very quickly, to the point where a manager modeled how to handle a confused elderly caller by berating him. I could not stand to work where being kind and patient was discouraged.

I worked for Pearson Educational Measurement as a part-time scorer of short essay answers on standardized tests.

Then I worked as a Patient Care Advocate for Express Scripts, where I entered refill requests and provided customer service concerning prescription benefits. I was very excited about that job during the training, but the reality was very stressful. If a mistake was made, it took two days to correct it, which mean that patients would be without their medication for that interval. I finally decided that if I had to work at a high-stress job, I ought to go back to teaching, because at least I’d be using my college degrees.

I worked a portion of a year in a balance-of-year contract for an elementary general music position that had been filled by substitutes, 27 years after my Perth Amboy teaching position. Then the district decided not to rehire me for the following year, but the administrative assistant suggested I apply in the Chandler district, which I did, and I got a job there. It was my favorite job ever for the first five years, but then the climate changed. I stayed three more years and finally resigned, thinking I’d find a nice office job like the one I had at the BLM, a job that I wouldn’t have to take home with me.

I applied for 100 jobs over the next year. I was on the short list twice, but each time they hired a younger candidate. It’s hard to get a job in your 60s.

So since then, I’ve worked my butt off without pay, most recently as my husband’s full-time caretaker. I’ve written and gotten a couple of short pieces and one poem published. And I’ve blogged for about eleven years, but I’m definitely slowing down.

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Video of the Week: Glorious Majesty

Ringing Praise is the handbell choir at my church. This video is from a service in May of last year. I am the lady in the foreground in the black dress with pink flowers.

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Flower of the Day: Sunflowers

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The Magic of Jack Gantos (with reviews of Joey Pigza Swallowed the Key and Hole in my Life)

When I taught elementary general music, the media specialist at my school would invite authors to come to speak to the students. One of the most memorable was Jack Gantos, who came dressed like a nerd with black glasses, a white shirt, and a skinny black tie. He encouraged the students to keep a journal and write down the things that happen to them, and he regaled the kids with stories from his own childhood that had the audience roaring with laughter, similar to this story:

I thought it might be fun to read some of his books. I watched this video:

And it made me want to read Rotten Ralph.

I didn’t like it. I would have been the editor who said, “It’s not for me.” So then I thought I’d try Joey Pigza Swallowed the Key. But I also noticed that he’d written a memoir about his youthful conviction for drug smuggling — what?!! (Maybe you noticed in the above video he said something about the “prison thing.”) I decided to read that first.

Hole in my Life was written for a young adult audience, but I would not have been comfortable with my children reading it when they were teenagers.

I’m only going to give you a brief summary. I’ve already given the spoiler above, but I can tell you that the story is much more detailed and interesting than what follows.

When Jack was a junior in high school, his family moved from Florida to Puerto Rico. Jack couldn’t speak Spanish, so he couldn’t attend public school there, and his parents could not afford to send him to a private school where English was spoken, so it was decided Jack would go to work. His dad had a construction job, and was able to get Jack a job assisting the electrical subcontractor. Jack had his own on-site hotel room and lived independently, but after a while the novelty wore off (and he had no talent for electricity), so he began to miss school. He’d saved his money and had enough to pay for private school, but his grades had not been good, and he was not admitted to the school.

His parents made arrangements for Jack to return to his previous high school in Florida. They found lodging for him with a local family. He went out drinking frequently, and one night when he came home super drunk and barfed all over the living room, he got evicted.

Jack found new living quarters at a hotel. He thought he’d like to be a writer. He didn’t qualify to take the creative writing class at his school, so he tried writing on his own, without any particular success. And he read. At the end of his senior year in high school, he took a tour of the University of Florida, the one and only college he’d applied to, and seeing it in person convinced him this was not the school for him. So he called his dad and told him he was coming home after graduation to work with him again. His family was now living on St. Croix. (They moved a lot.)

Unfortunately, there was a lot of racial tension on St. Croix. It boiled over, and rich white people’s homes were being broken into. People were murdered. Stores were looted. Tourists were changing their plans. Construction workers lost their jobs, because no one was buying new homes. The only work Jack and his dad could get was building wooden packing crates for people who were leaving the island.

One day a man came to them with plans for a crate with a false bottom. They took the job because they needed the money, but his dad was sure the man was a drug smuggler.

This man, Rik, eventually offers Jack $10,000 to help sail a load of drugs from St. Croix to New York City. Jack sees the money as tuition, his ticket back to college. Easy, peasy. He can’t pass up the opportunity.

But the drug enforcement guys already know all about this operation, and during a delivery, they swoop in and arrest Jack. They already have Rik and another coconspirator in custody, and of course, they’ve cast Jack as the kingpin.

When Jack goes to court, he’s expecting a slap on the wrist and a directive not to deal in drugs ever again. Instead, he gets six years.

Jack is one of those people for whom prison is a wake-up call. He turned his life around.

The reasons I wouldn’t have wanted my kids to read this book as teenagers is that Jack used alcohol and drugs heavily in the years leading up to his arrest, and also, he describes two violent events that happened in prison that he didn’t witness, but saw the after-effects of. However, this book might be just the thing to scare some kids straight. And there’s another reason why Jack Gantos thinks this book is important.

Joey Pigza Swallowed the Key is a middle grades book about a boy with ADHD. When I taught, I had students who had trouble sitting still and staying on-task, but I never had a student who was so severely out of control as Joey Pigza. Gantos does a great job of getting into Joey’s head and showing how jumbled it is. Joey has no impulse control. When an idea comes into his brain, he has to act on it. He’s not a bad kid; he’s actually quite tender-hearted. He gets pulled out of his classroom and transferred to a special ed class and then to a special ed school, where his teachers and specialists and doctor work to help him.

In the beginning, I didn’t like this book. Joey is surrounded by chaos, much of it caused by himself. But due to Gantos’ skillful writing, halfway through the book I was brokenhearted for Joey and rooting for him to get better. Gantos researched ADHD to be able to portray vividly and truthfully what it feels like to be a person with this disorder.

I don’t think all kids would like this book. But I do think kids with ADHD might be encouraged by it, by reading (or having someone read to them) something that rings true and examines the disorder with sensitivity and compassion.

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Video of the Week: As the Deer

Ringing Praise, the hand bell choir at my church, playing during a service, a year and a half ago. I am the little lady with my back to the camera.

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Think About Such Things

One of my favorite verses in the Bible is Philippians 4:8, “Finally, brothers and sisters, whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable–if anything is excellent or praiseworthy–think about such things (NIV).” I find it calming to reflect on this verse when I’m overwhelmed by uncertainty and sorrow, which seems to happen frequently these days.

This is also my guiding principle in my creative life. Whenever I make a quilt or a piece of artwork, I try to do my best. When I write, I strive to send a positive message. When I catch someone being kind, I acknowledge it. Whenever I see something beautiful, I photograph it and share it. When I sing in the church choir or ring handbells, I try to do it with my best musicality.

Even amidst political upheaval and personal crises, there is still goodness and beauty in this world. I think that if we commit to looking for those examples of excellence and compassion, we will notice them more frequently and contribute toward them with our own actions and affirmations. Do you agree?

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Review of Sunrise on the Reaping by Suzanne Collins

Oh man. Wow.

I am addicted to the Hunger Games. I’ve read the original trilogy multiple times, and watch the movies pretty much whenever they’re on TV. I’ve read The Ballad of Songs and Snakes. I assumed that Sunrise on the Reaping would be much like The Hunger Games and Catching Fire. And granted, since it tells the story of the Second Quarter Quell, the Hunger Games that Haymitch Abernathy “won,” there were bound to be similarities. But there were also surprises. I will try not to give too much away, but I must warn you, some of what I want to share might be a spoiler to you. So, if you’ve been meaning to read the book but haven’t yet, you might want to click away from this review for now.

I tried to picture a young Woody Harrelson as Haymitch, and I just couldn’t. This Haymitch is a sweet guy.

We meet him on the morning of his sixteenth birthday. It’s also the day of the annual reaping for the Hunger Games. In honor of the fiftieth anniversary of the Games, instead of the usual two tributes from each district, there will be four — two girls and two boys, sentenced to kill each other in the arena. The last one alive will be the victor. While Haymitch’s mother and brother and girlfriend and boss each have a gift for him, and the promise of a celebration later in the day, the shadow of the reaping hangs over everyone.

One of the big differences between this book and the ones in the original trilogy is the sheer ineptitude of the Capitol forces. During the reaping in District 12, one of the chosen boys runs for it, and a Peacekeeper shoots him. Haymitch, who shields his girlfriend from an attacking Peacekeeper, is forced to replace the dead tribute as his punishment. Later, during the Parade of Tributes, an accident kills one of the tributes before she even makes it to her public interview.

One of the delights of Sunrise on the Reaping is that we learn the backstory not only of Haymitch, but also of several other characters from Catching Fire. I won’t tell you who. But I will tell you that there is already an active resistance, some 24 years before the events of Book 1.

The tributes form two major alliances, and it’s interesting to observe their efforts to support and protect their allies. Also, to see how they strategize.

We also find out why Haymitch became such an alcoholic after the games. You’ll also find the full text of “The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe, a few verses at a time.

Sunrise on the Reaping is a smart book. It’s full of suspense, and will keep you emotionally and intellectually engaged from beginning to end.

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Scripture Break #79

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Review of Wholehearted Faith by Rachel Held Evans with Jeff Chu

Rachel Held Evans passed away on May 4, 2019, before this manuscript was finished. Her husband, Dan, asked their friend, journalist Jeff Chu, if he could look at her work and her notes and bring it to completion.

Rachel Held Evans went through years of spiritual doubt, when she struggled with what she’d been taught about God. Many Christians go through a spiritual crisis, and some never resolve it. Rachel journeyed back to faith, and wanted to help others embrace a love of Christ.

I discovered Rachel’s blog a few years before her passing. It’s still up–you can check it out. When I heard that she’d died, I was heartbroken. I read her book Searching for Sunday: Loving, Leaving, and Finding the Church, because I was going through a time of disillusionment myself.

Then my bible study group decided to read through Wholehearted Faith together.

This book is about a lot of things, especially about love. In the prologue, Rachel writes, “Inherent in the Incarnation is that God came to embody relationship, to remind us that love is personal-and interpersonal.” In Chapter 1, “On the Days When I Believe,” she writes about God’s all-encompassing unconditional love and comments, “Because true love can never be coerced or controlled, God does all of this without the guarantee of reciprocation.” He loves so much, even if we love back so little.

In Chapter 2, “My Wicked Little Heart,” Rachel writes about her teenage “all-in-ness” with her Evangelical faith, and yet she struggled with aspects of doctrine. After reading Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl, she “prayed for weeks afterward that God might somehow work a posthumous miracle and pluck her from the eternal fire in which I was sure she was being unfairly tormented. I couldn’t accept that a good, loving, and gracious God would burn Anne Frank forever.” Years later, when she asked her college theology professor how it could be justice for Nazis with “faith” to have a better shot at salvation than the Jews they murdered, he dismissed her question with “God’s ways are higher than our ways. We dare not question the Almighty.”

Rachel credits her parents for the fact that she remained a Christian. “. . . my parents created an environment in which wholehearted faith was never at odds with questioning or with uncertainty. Wholeheartedness means that we can be doubtful and still find rest in the tender embrace of a God who isn’t threatened by human inconsistency. . . Wholeheartedness means we can approach the throne of grace in the confidence of the God who made us, the God who redeemed us, and the God who accompanies us.”

Chapter 3, “Where Stone Becomes Flesh,” is about vulnerability. We’re taught to interpret the Bible in a specific way, and to be certain of its truth. If we’re not certain, we’re accused of not having faith. Rachel reminds us that in Ezekiel 36:26 God promises to remove our heart of stone and replace it with a heart of flesh, that is, “a heart that is aware and attentive, to its Creator and to the rest of creation.” In other words, a heart that observes and wonders.

I have oversimplified these first three chapters; be assured that they go into much greater detail than my brief summaries. I won’t even try to summarize the rest.

Here are the rest of the chapter titles:

  • The Liberation of the Know-It-All
  • Thick Skin, Tender Heart
  • Jonathan Edwards Is Not My Homeboy
  • Beginning Again with Love
  • From Death to Life
  • The Steady Work of Living Water
  • Many Voices, Many Masks
  • Wilderness
  • God Has Made a Home with Us
  • Loving Our Enemies
  • Dwelling in the Sabbath

I hope you can see that Rachel was not trying to get readers to discard Christianity. Instead, she appeals to those of us who have doubts, asking us to examine what is troubling us, lay those doubts at the foot of God’s throne and love Him anyway-wholeheartedly.

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